Photographic shutter.



PATENTED MAY 21, 1907.

M. KLAIBER.

PHOTOGRAPHIO SHUTTER.

APPLIOATION FILED J'AN.11. 1906.

2 SHEBTS-SHEET 2.

THE uorems Fzrsxs co., WASHINGYDN, n. c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAXIMILIAN. KLAIBER, or NEw T oRK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN-MENTS, To PROSCH PHOTOGRAPHIO SHUTTER AND OPTICAL COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 21, 1907.

Application filed January 11,1906. Serial No. 295,530.

To (Li/Z whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAxIMrLIAN KLAIBER, a citizen of the United States,residing at the borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, city andState of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement inPhotographic Shutters, of which the following is a specification.

WVith photographic shutters as heretofore constructed experiments havegone to prove that the indicated speeds are rarely if ever attained, andthat two or more exposures at the same indicated speed are not alike inlapsed time because of conditions inherent in the mechanism of theshutter and often beyond the control of the manufacturer and especiallybeyond the control of the operator. Besides in these shutters as usuallyconstructed, there is considerable jar and vibration, especially at highspeeds which is detrimental not only to the construction of the shutterbut especially to the construction and nice adjustment of the partsgoing to make up the lens.

The old well known type of photographic blade shutters is adapted togive asuperior illumination but is open to the latter objectionsespecially at high and relatively high speeds and to the furtherobjection that its speeds were only indicated and not stated, hence itcould only be guessed at unless put to experimental test.

My invention relates to an improved form of photographic shutter inwhich the objects sought are to give an exposure as near constant aspossible at a given indicated speed and in which the indicated speedshall bear a very close relation to the actual lapsed time, and in whichthere is an absence of vibration and jar so common and detrimental tothe structure of a lens, making it possible for the photographicshutter, which is a necessary adjunct of a good lens, to more perfectlyfill its part and keep pace with the improvements made in the qualityand possible speeds of modern high grade lenses.

In. the device of my present invention and as a motor I employ a trainof gears actuated by aspring which can be maintained at constantpressure if desired. The operating mechanism is adapted to the wellknown form of shutter blades or flies that is of the crossing or Proschtype, of the open and shut type or the iris diaphragm type and the saiddevice contains no delicate or intricate parts to get out of order.

In my improved shutter the opening and closing of the blades isperformed with the same spring and this spring acting through the trainof gears controls the instantaneous, bulb and time action and sets inmotion means providing for graduated instantaneous exposures of from sayone-fifth second to one one-hundredth of a second; movement of theaforesaid mechanism not being completed until released by the completemovement of the latter mechanism and the shutter automatically setsafter each exposure ready for the next exposure. It is thereforepossible to make repeated exposures without reset ting the shutter untilthe power of the aotuating spring is exhausted, but a constant speed andmaximum actuation maybe maintained by keeping the spring at maximumtension, all of which is hereinafter more particularly described.

I11 the drawing Figure 1 is an elevation representing the features of mypresent improvement mounted upon the case of the well known type ofProsch shutter. Fig. 1 is a section at the dotted line 2030 of Fig. l ofthe manually actuated setting mechanism of the shutter. Fig. 2 is a planof the parts shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of said parts,and Fig. 4 is an elevation of the shutter blades and part of the casingwith the front, plate removed. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are elevations andpartial sections showing similar parts to be known hereafter as themanually actuated setting mechanism, with the pin disk and time stoppins thereon in the various positions of said parts. Fig. 10 is anelevation of the devices providing for graduated instantaneous exposuresthe same being shown on an exaggerated scale over Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is anelevation of a shutter case of a general type with the front plateremoved showing simple opening and. closing blades adapted to beactuated by the same devices employed for actuating the blades shown inFig. 4. Fig. 12 is a partial elevation and section of the old well knowntype of iris diaphragm shutter and the parts connected thereto by whichthis form of shutter is adapted to be operated by the devices of mypresent invention with equal facility to the form of shutter bladesshown in Figs. 4 and 11, and Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view illustratinga train of gears similar to the train shown in Fig. 1 and adapted foroperating the shutter shown in Figs. 11 and 12; said train differingfrom the train of gears shown in Fig. 1. only in the proportion of oneor more of the wheels.

The back plate a, front plate a and intermediate frame a Figs. 1 to 4inclusive, is that of the well known Prosch type of photographicshutter, the casing being of approximately curvilinear triangular form.

I) b are the shutter blades received in this casing between these platesand provided with openings 2, 3, of trapezoidal form, said blades havingpivots 1, 5, for pivotally mounting the same in said casing and slots 6,7, at opposite points in adjacent edges and in proximity to the saidpivots, there being a pin 8 in the slots, 6, 7, which pin also passesthrough the slots 9 of the said back and front plates a, a this pinbeing guided in the slots of said plates and actuating said bladesbecause of passing through. the slots 6, 7, thereof.

I have shown in Fig. 1 an arm 10 within the casing of the shutter at oneend connected to the shutter operating pin 8 and at the other endpivotally mounted in frame a for the purpose of steadying the movementof the pin 8 in operating theblades.

A link 1.1 outside of the back plate a of the shutter case is connectedto the shutter operating pin 8 and a shaft 12 passes through the shuttercase near the upper edge and on this shaft outside of the shuttter caseis mounted a crank 25 and to a pin on the free end of which the link 11is connected. On this shaft 12 there is a pinion 13 which meshes withthe toothed wheel 0 of av spring barrel 0; said spring barrel being onthe shaft 0" mounted in a frame of plates 14, 15, secured to the frontplate of the shutter casing, posts 16 being employed for supporting theouter plate 15 and connecting the same to the inner plate 14, and Iprefer to employa pawl and ratchet 17 and awinding disk 18; the saiddisk and ratchet being upon the shaft 0 and the pawl upon the plate 15for the purpose of applying tension to the spring of the spring barrelfor actuating the train of gears. Between this frame of plates on asuitable shaft is a pinion (Z and toothed wheel (1 the pinion (Z meshingwith the toothed wheel 0 and the toothed wheel (1 with the toothed wheel6 also on a shaft mounted between said frame of plates. The toothedwheel 6 meshes with a pinion f on a shaft g also mounted 011 said frameof plates and on this shaft 9 is a pin disk g, that is to say, a diskprojecting from the surface of which are several pins placed indifferent positions and of different lengths and which are hereinaftermore fully described.

The pinion f is of the same diameter or size shaft secured to the plate15 and. the same is provided. with. a pointer 19, and 20 is a curvedmetal plate having upon its face a graduated scale the divisional marksof which represent fractions of a second for graduated instantaneousexposures divided say between one-fifth of a second and. oneone-hundredth of a second; the pointer 19 being adapted with a turn ofthe spring barrel to be set to any one of the graduations of said scale.

A link 7L1 is at one end pivotally connected to this spring barrel h andat its other end to a pawl i. On the back of the pawl i is a pawl pin 2'adapted to move along through a slot 2 formed in the plate 15. This pawl'11 is pivotally mounted on a reciprocating guide plate adapted to movebetween the plate 15 and the plate 20 and a rack plate lt' secured tothe plate 15, a spring 21. being secured to the plate i and bearing uponthe pawl i so as to keep the pawl in engagement with the teeth of therack plate It. 7 These parts are shown of exaggerated size in Fig. 10and from this illustration and the foregoing description. it will beapparent that when the spring barrel h is turned to the left from itsinitial position in Fig. 1 to the position Fig. 10 the spring will beunder tension and will be held under tension by the pawl i engaging theteeth of the rack plate 71., and this tensimi will be released so thatthe parts may return to their initial position as soon as the pawl islifted from the teeth of the rack plate and this movement is effected.by a sweep pin f on the shaft 9 of the pin disk 9 which moves in thedirection of the arrow Fig. 10, and when said pin f strikes the pin ithe pawl is raised and the force of the spring barrel made effective toreturn the parts to their initial position as shown. in Fig. 1., it willalso be apparent because the movement that can be imparted. to the pawlpin i is limited by the width of the slot 22 that when. the pinj'strikes the pin i and raises the pawl its movement is arrested until thepin i by the longitudinal movement imparted to the same and the pawlmoves oil of the end of the pin 1 as the parts with the turning of thespring barrel h return to their initial position.

The'pin disk 9 heretofore referred to is provided as shown directly inFigs. 5 to 0 inclusive, with. a stop pin. 23, an instantaneous pin 24, abulb pin 25 and a time pin 26, that is to say, these names for thesepins represent the movements of the shutter effected by means of thepins.

I provide a lever Z with a hook at its upper free end and the same ispivotally mounted by a screw pivot Z to a rocker pin m secured in abearing m on the plate a of the shutter case. Mounted upon this bearingm is a bell crank pointer lever n with a finger knob near the pointerend employed for controlling the speed of the shutter and upon theprolongation of the rack plate 7c, Fig. 1, will be noticed the capitalletters I B and T for in stantaneous, bulb and time movements with oneof which the pointer of the said lever is adapted to be brought intoopposition. The short arm of this lever 11 is slotted and receives a pina secured in the rocker pin m; said lever n being pivoted at 27 to thebearing m The swinging movement of the lever it moves the pin n andturns the rocker pin m and swings the lever Z. From this construction itwill be apparent that a swinging movement manually imparted to thislever it upon its pivot 27 through the interposition of the pin mimparts a turning movement to the rocker pin m in its bearing andconsequently a swinging movement to the hook ended. lever Z mounted uponthis rocker pin m.

A bracket 28 is secured to the front plate of the shutter and itsupports the case 0 of the pneumatic release in which is a piston 0 andthere is in the case of the pneumatic release a contractile returnspring the left hand end of which is fastened to the case, and. theright hand end to the piston.

I have shown and prefer to employ a push rod 1" occupying a positionsubstantially parallel with the case 0 of the pneumatic release, and thelower end. of the lever Zis loosely connected by a pivot pin 29 to theadjacent ends both of the piston 0 and of the push rod 1" so that thislever Z may be moved at the pleas ure of the operator either with arubber tube and bulb to the pneumatic release or with a finger on thepush rod 1". This movement is a swinging one on the pivot Z and from theforegoing description it will be apparent that this lever Z has not onlythis swinging motion but a rocking motion with the pin m calculated tobring the hook end of the lever Z nearer to or farther from the surfaceof the disk 9 and this proximity together with this swinging movementproduced by the movement of the bell crank pointer lever n serves tobring the hook end of the-lever Z not only into line with but intoproximity with one or more of the pins 23,24, 25 and 26 at the pleasureof the operator.

In the operation of the shutter, tension is applied by the pawl andratchet device 17 and winding disk 18 to the spring barrel 0 and. arotary movement is imparted by the unwinding of the spring barrel to thetrain of gears, that is, to the pinion 13, pinion (Z, toothed wheel (Ztoothed wheel a, pinion f and disk 9 so as to rotate the disk 9 with thepins thereon and also turn the pin f and impart to the pinion f arotation for each half rotation of the pinion 13; power is thuscommunicated from. the spring barrel through its toothed wheel 0 to thepinion 13 and therefrom to the crank 6 link 11, shutter operating pin 8and therefrom to the blades I) b of the shutter. In this connection thesole oflice performed by the arm 10 shown in Fig. 4 is to steady theparts of the shutter operating pin 8 in the slots of the shutter platesso as to prevent any wabbling or lost motion.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive, Fig. 5 is asection through the shaft 9 above the sweep pinf showing the pins 23 to26 in place and the direction of movement by an arrow, and Figs. 6, 7, 8and 9 are sec tions below said sweep pin.

. Fig. 6 represents the parts in the same position as they are shown inFig. 1, that is, with the hook end of the lever Z engaging theinstantaneous pin 24 so as to arrest the movement of the train of gearsand with the bell crank pointer lever a set to instantaneous. With theparts in this position, a movement now imparted to the piston 0 of thepneumatic release or manually to the push rod 1, will swing the lever Zon its pivot Z and move the hook end of the lever away from theinstantaneous pin 24 toward the left hand, releasing the pin 24 so thatthe train of gears will be immediately set in motion; the movementactuating the pinion 13, as hereinbefore 9 described. swinging theshutter blades; as the pin disk g completes one rotation the stop pin 23comes against the hook end of the lever as shown in Fig. 7, the train ofgears is arrested and the movement of the shutter blades stopped, butthis movement has been sulficient to also impart a complete halfrotation to'the gear 13 and its movement transmitted to the shutteroperating pin 8 has completely moved said shutter blades as shown inFig. 4, so that the openings therein have moved into opposition for afull open exposure with a quarter revolution of the pinion 13 and withthe other quarter revolution they have again closed, as shown in Fig. 4.

From the position Fig. 7 it is essential that the lever Z return to itsinitial position before another movement of the shutter and exposure ofa sensitive film or plate thereby.

This is effected by the release of the rod 1" or piston. 0 the spring inthe case of the pneumatic release returning the lever Z to the positionshown in Figs. 1 and 6 in which the hook end of the lever moves awayfrom the stop pin 23 and again engages the instantaneous pin 24. Thispin 23 only acts in connection. with the pins 24 and 26 and withreference to the pin 25 the pin 24 becomes the stop pin because in everyinstance the initial position of the parts is shown in Fig. 6 with thepin 24 against the hook end. of the lever Z, and it is to be understoodthat Fig. 6 represents the initial position for each movement of theshutter. In the operation of the shutter, if we now move the lever n sothat its pointer is in opposition to the letter B for a bulb exposure itwill be apparent that the turmng movement thus produced upon the pin mand also upon the lever Z has brought the hook end of this lever nearerto the surface of the pin disk g.

The special oflice performed by the stop pin 23 isin connection with theinstantaneous movement when the lever Z moves from the position of theparts Fig. 6 to the position F 7 arresting the movement oi the disk 9and train of gears and arresting the shutter blades, as it would beimpossible to give the lever Z its movement away from the pin and returnto the path of said pin while the disk 9 was making one revolution,therefore this movement is performed as herein de' scribed. The hook endof the lever Z is made of such width that as soon as it moves out of thecircular path of either pin 2 L or 26 it is in the path of either pin 23or 25, or vice versa, to engage the same and. arrest the move ment thedisk 9 in performing the functions of the shutter. It may here beremarked that the pin 24L is longer than the pins 23, 25 and 26 and thatthe length of said pins decrease in this order so that the pin 26 is theshortest of the four. This bulb movement or open and shut action of theshutter is produced by the operation of the push rod r or the pneumaticrelease swinging the lever Z from the position Figs. 1 and 6 to the leftand as the hook end of the lever is turned down toward the disk thesameiwill arrest the movement of the train of gears and the shutterblades as the pin 25 strikes the end of the said lever Z in the positionFig. 8. In this position the apertures of the shutter blades coincide toproduce an open position of the shutter for as reasonably long a periodas pressure is maintained on the pneumatic release devices or rod. '1";the release of this lever Z now permits the spring in the case of tlpneumatic release to draw the lever to the right, and as the pin 26 isthe shortest of the four pins it will underrun the hook end of the leverZ so as to give another half rotation to the disk 9 and bring the pin 21 against the hook end of the lever as shown in Fig. 6 and arrest thisbulb movement.

To effect the time movement the pointed end of the lever n is movedfarther into opposition with the letter T; said movement turning thepin. m further and bringing the hook end of the lever nearer the disk g,and the operation of the lever Z as hercinbefore describedv from theposition. Fi 6, again swings the said lever Z to the lert, releasing thedisk and train of gears which rotate actuating the shutter blades andpermitting a half rotation of the disk 1 into the position Fig. 8 wherethe pin 25 is arrested by the hook end of the lever Z; the shutter beingopen and as the lever Z returns to its initial position and is movedaway from the pin 25 it comes into the path of the pin 26 and themechanism moves a slight distance between these two pins which is inap)reciable at the shutter blades, so that their full open position is notdisturbed. The shutter now remains open long may be desired and to closetire same the lever Z must be a second time actuated, which moves it offto the left of the pin 26 Fig. 9, into the path of the stop pin 23 whicharrests the movement of the train of gears the s iutter is closed, andfrom the position of this arrested movement which is shown in Fig. 7, tothe initial position. shown in Fig. 6 the lever Z is re turned tocontact with the pin 24%.

From Figs. to 9 inclusive, it will be noticed that the pins 23 and 24;as an operative pair and 25 and 26 as a second. pair are substantialiyopposite to one another with reference to the center of the revolubledisk g. T he n'iovements therein described have been. with specialreference to the shutter blades shown in Fig. 1- which pass completelyand return, that is, the blades are opened and shut each time the pin 8moves upward and downward in the slot 5), but my invention. is equallyapplicable to other forms of shutter blades such for instance as shownin Figs. 11 and 12, that is where it takes a complete movement bothupward and. .lownward of the pin 8 to make one exposure. In Fig. 11 theshutter blades 8, s as illustrated, overlap and. the two shutters ordies operated simply separate and return, but do not cross.

in Fig. 12 the shutter blades are of the well known iris diaphragmconstruction, it being possible to set these blades 25 which are mountedupon pivots t and actuated by a nniving frame I? to the predeterminedopening or aperture desired for the exposure to be given. to a sensitiveplate or lilm by opening the same to this extent and again closing it.To effect hose movements and also to move the shutter blades shown in.Fig. 1.] the train of gears employed is the same, but the pinion 13 isreduced in dian'ieter so that its circumference is only one half of thecircnmference of the pinion shown in Figs. 1 to 3 with reference to thecrossing blades, because in. these forms of shutter blades the bladesare required to be given a complete outward and "inward swingingmovement for each exposure, consequently the pinion 13, Fig. 3, must begiven one rotation for each rotation of the pin disk 9.

The devices illustrated. in Fig. 10 bear an exact relation to theinstantaneous operations of the shutter as the speed of the shuttor whenthe lover a points to l is as great or greater than the maximum speedpcrn'iittcd by the operation of these devices and where such speed is tobe modiilied. and reduced from say one one hundredth of a second to one'liftli of a second or more the devices shown in Fig. 10 come into playby arrcstii'ig the movement of the instantaneous devices when the pinfcontacts with the pm i and so remains until the pin 2 by itslongitudinal movement passes off the pin f the shutter blades being openfor this elapsed. time which is determined and controlled by the settingof the pointer 19.

In connection with the devices shown in Fig. 10, I may by preferenceemploy a means for controlling the turning movement of the spring barrelit so as to increase the range of the exposures provided for by theshutter for times of one or two seconds as an illustration, and toeffect this I have shown and may provide a spring u pivoted at 30 to theplate 15 and at its free end curved and bearing upon the surface of thespring barrel 72., and with this apparatus I may advantageously employan eccentric c pivoted to the plate 15 and adapted by its turning tobear with greater or lesser force on the short end of the spring arm toso as to provide greater or lesser friction for retarding the movementof said spring barrel. In this connection the graduated. scale upon theplate 20 will preferably be marked with two series of numbersone abovethe scale and one below the indications say from of a second to E of asecond and the other from several seconds to say of a second. In settingthis mechanism shown in Fig. 10 the spring barrel is preferably turnedmanually by a finger pin on the pivot of the pawl i as shown in Figs. 1and 2.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a photographic shutter, the combination wit'h'a case and theshutter blades, of a spring actuated train of gears, a connectiontherefrom to the said blades, a manually actuated speed control, releasemechanism and devices actuated by the latter mechanism*and controlled bythe speed control for regulating the movement imparted to the train ofgears.

2. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case and theshutter blades, of a spring actuated train of gears, a connectiontherefrom to the said blades, a manually actuated speedcontrol, releasemechanism, devices actuated by the latter mechanism and. controlled bythe speed control for regulating the movement imparted to the train ofgears and spring actuated devices adapted to be set to predeterminedgraduated instantaneous exposures and released by the movement of thetrain of gear devices.

3. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case and thepivoted shutter blades, of a spring actuated train of gears, aconnection therefrom to the said blades, devices moving with said trainof gears and means adapted to contact with said devices to arrest themovement of said gears at predetermined places according to the severalexposures to be made.

4. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case and theshutter blades, of a spring actuated train of gears, a connectiontherefrom to the said blades, devices moving with said train of gears,means adapted to contact therewith to arrest the movement of said. gearsat predetermined places according to the exposures to be made and springactuated devices adapted to be set to predetermined graduatedinstantaneous exposures and released by the movement of the train ofgear devices.

5. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a revoluble diskactuated by the latter and pins in sets secured to and rising above thesurface of said disk and of various lengths, a pivoted lever deviceadapted to contact with two or more of said pins in its movement andwith the rotation of said disk according to the exposure to be made,means for swinging said lever on its plvot, a pivoted polnter leveradapted to be set for instantaneous, bulb and time exposures and adevice actuated by the swinging of said indicating lever which in turncontrols the position of the aforesaid pivoted lever and its contactrelation with the pins of the disk.

6. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a revoluble diskactuated by the latter and pins in sets secured to and rising above thesurface of said disk and of various lengths, a pivoted lever deviceadapted to contact with two or more of said pins in its movement andwith the rotation of said disk according to the exposure to be made,means for swinging said lever on its pivot, a pivoted pointer leveradapted to be set for instantaneous, bulb and time exposures, a bearingto which the pointer lever is pivoted, a rocker pin in said bearing, aconnection between said latter lever and rocker pin, the aforesaidswinging lever being pivotally mounted on said rocker pin whereby withthe movement of the said pointer lever and rocker pin the aforesaidswinging lever is swung to engage the same with predetermined pins ofthe said disk.

7. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a revoluble diskactuated by the latter and pins in sets secured to and rising above thesurface of said disk and of various lengths, a bearing on the shutterframe, a bell crank pointer or indicatorlever n pivotally connectedthereto, its long arm adapted for manual operation to be brought intoopposition with letters or marks indicating instantaneous, bulb or timeexposures and its short arm slotted, a rocker pin m passing through saidbearing and having a pin it therein passing through the slot IIO of thelever n whereby with the turning movement of the lever n the pin on isaxially turned, a hook ended lever Zpivotally mounted 011 said. rockerpin m and at its hook end adapted to come in contact with predeter minedpins of the aforesaid disk, a release mechanism for manual or pneumaticactuation and. to which the opposite end of the lever Z is pivotallyconnected.

8. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a disk 9, a shafttherefor and a pinion on said shaft meshing with the train of gears forits rotation, pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 secured to and arising above thesurface of the said disk in pairs and in opposition and of differentlengths, a pivoted lever having a hook on its free end and adapted in anormal position to rest against the pin 24, means for swinging saidlever on its pivot to move the same away from said pin so that the diskmay be retated, the disk being again arrested by the return of saidlever at its release.

9. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a disk g, a shafttherefor and a pinion on said shaft meshing with the train of gears forits rotation, pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 secured to and arising above thesurface of the said disk in pairs and in opposition and of differentlengths, a pivoted lever having a hook on its free end and adapted in anormal position to rest against the pin 24, means for swinging saidlever 011 its pivot to move the same away from said pin so that the diskmay be rotated, the disk being again arrested by the return of saidlever at its release and means manually operated and adapted to be setfor instantaneous, bulb and time exposures and which means change therelation of the hook end of the lever to said disk so that other of saidpins may be contacted with according to the exposures to be made.

10. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a disk 9, a shafttherefor and a pinion on said shaft meshing with the train of gears forits rotation pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 secured to and arising above thesurface of the said disk in pairs and in opposition and of differentlengths, a pin radially projecting from the shaft of said disk, springactuated devices adapted to be set to predetermined graduatedinstantaneous exposures and a device connected therewith with which saidpin f comes in contact for effecting the release of the said deviceswith the movement of said disk.

11. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a disk g, a shafttherefor and a pinion on said shaft meshing with the train of gears forits rotation, pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 secured to and arising above thesurface of the said disk in pairs and in opposition and of differentlengths, a pin f radially secured to the shaft of said disk and a springbarrel having a pointer, a rack, a pawl adapted to engage the rack andhaving a pin on the back thereof, a guide for said pawl and a linkpivotally connecting said pawl and said spring barrel, said latter partsforming devices adapted to be set to predetermined graduatedinstantaneous exposures and released by the movement of the train ofgears and said disk by the pin f striking the pin of the pawl andlifting the same so as to bring in evidence the force of said springbarrel.

1.2. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a disk 9, a shafttherefor and a pinion on said shaft meshing with the train of gears forits rota tion, pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 secured to and arising above thesurface of the said disk in pairs and in opposition and of differentlengths, a pin f radially secured to the shaft of said disk and a springbarrel having a pointer, a rack, a pawl adapted to engage the rack andhaving a pin on the back thereof, a guide for said pawl, a linkpivotally connecting said pawl and said spring barrel, said latter partsforming devices adapted to be set to predetermined graduatedinstantaneous exposures and released by the movement of the train ofgears and said disk by the pin f striking the pin of the pawl andlifting the same so as to bring in evidence the force of said springbarrel and a variable spring tension device adapted to bear upon saidbarre-l for retarding its movement.

13. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a disk g, a shafttherefor and a pinion on said shaft meshing with the train of gears forits rotation, pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 secured to and arising above thesurface of the said disk in pairs and in opposition and of differentlengths, a pinf radially secured to the shaft of said disk and a springbarrel having a pointer, a rack, a pawl adapted to engage the rack andhaving a pin on the back thereof, a guide for said pawl, a linkpivotally connecting said pawl and said spring barrel, said latter partsforming devices adapted to be set to predetermined graduatedinstantaneous exposures and released by the movement of the train ofgears and said disk by the pin f striking the pin of the pawl andlifting the same so as to bring in evidence the force of said springbarrel and a pivoted spring arm adapted to bear at one end on theperiphery of the spring barrel and an eccentric device adapted to bearupon the other end of the pivoted spring arm for applying a regulatablefriction to the spring barrel for retarding its movement.

14. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the shutter case andblades and a bearing m thereon, of a lever 11 pivotally mounted on saidbearing and adapted to be brought to instantaneous, bulb and timeindicating marks for such exposures, said lever having a slotted shortend, a rocker pin in said bearing, a pin secured thereto and passingthrough the slot of said lever, a lever Z pivotally connected with therocker pin m so as to be turned with the movement of said pin asinfluenced by the swinging movement of the lever n and said lever Zhaving a hook at one end, a pneumatic release device 0 and push rod 1'for manually actuating the same, a spring wthin the case thereofconnected to the piston thereof, a pivot pin 29 connecting one end ofthe lever Z to both the piston of the pneumatic release and the push rod1" and means substantially as shown and described 'for actuating theblades of the shutter and the movements of which are controlled by theaforesaid devices for producing instantaneous, bulb and time exposures.Y

15. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the shutter case andblades and a bearing m thereon, of a lever n pivotally mounted on saidbearing and adapted to be brought to instantaneous, bulb and timeindicating marks for such exposures, said lever having a slotted shortend, a rocker pin in said bearing, a pin secured thereto and passingthrough the slot of said lever, a lever Z pivotally connected with therocker pin m so as to be turned with the movement of said pin asinfluenced by the swinging movement of the lever 12 and said lever Zhaving a hook at one end, a push rod 7" for manual actuation, apneumatic release device 0, a spring within the case thereof connectedto the piston thereof, a pivot pin 29 connecting one end of the lever Zto both the piston of the pneumatic release and to the push rod 1, aspring actuated train of gears, a pinion meshing therewith and devicesconnecting the same to the shutter blades to effect their swingingmovement and means interposed between the train of gears and theaforesaid swinging lever for effecting the various movements of theshutter blades.

16. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a pin 8 for swinging the same, of a shaft 12 in the case, acrank mounted thereon back of the case and a link pivotally connected tosaid crank at one end and at its other end to the pin 8, a pinion on theshaft 12, and a spring actuated train of gears with which. said pinionis in mesh to effect its movement and that of the shutter blades.

17. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated'train of gears, of a pinion 13 meshing withsaid train of gears, a shaft on which said pinion is mounted andconnections therefrom to the shutter blades for moving the same, a shaft 9 and a pinionf on said shaft bearing a direct and predetermined.proportional relation to the said pinion 13 according to the characterof the shutter blades to be actuated, manually actuated indicatingmechanism adapted to be set to instantaneous, bulb and time exposures, areleasing mechanism and devices actuated by the latter mechanism andcontrolled by the aforesaid. indicating mechanism and means interposedbetween the devices actuated by the release mechanism and the trainofgears for controlling the movements thereof.

18. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, the shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a pinion 13 meshing withsaid train of gears, a shaft on which said pinion is mounted andconnections therefrom to the shutter blades for moving the same, a shaftg and a pinion f on said shaft bearing a direct and predeterminedproportional relation to the said pinion 13 according to the characterof the shutter blades to be actuated, a disk 9 on the shaft 9 oppositelyplaced pins 23, 24, 25 and 26 in pairs, a release mechanism, a pivotallymounted indicating lever adapted to be set for instantaneous, bulb andtime exposures, means actuated by the swinging of said lever, a swinginglever pivoted to said means connected at one end to the releasemechanism and at the other end adapted to contact with said pins in apredetermined relation according to the character of the exposure.

19. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a pinion meshing withthe train of gears, a shaft for said pinion, a pin f radially projectingfrom said shaft, spring actuated devices adapted to be set topredetermined graduated instantaneous exposures and a device connectedtherewith with which said pin f comes in contact for effecting therelease of said devices with the movement of said disk.

20. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a case, shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a pinion meshing withthe train of gears, a shaft for said pinion, a pin f radially projectingfrom said shaft, a spring barrel having a pointer, a

. rack, a pawl adapted to engage the rack having a pin on the backthereof, a guide for said pawl and a link pivotally connecting said madand said spring barrel, said latter parts forming devices adapted to beset to predetermined graduated instantaneous exposures and released bythe movement of the train of gears and said disk by the pin f strikingthe pin of the pawl and lifting the same so as to bring in evidence theforce of said spring barrel.

21. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a ease, shutterblades and a spring actuated train of gears, of a pinion I meshing with.the train of gears, a shalt for 3 said pinion, a pinf radiallyprojecting from said shaft, a spring barrel having a pointer, a rack, apawl adapted to engage the raek having a pin 011 the back thereof, guidefor said pawl and a link pivotaliy connecting said pawl and. said springbarrel, said latter parts forming deviees adapted to be set topredeterinined graduated instantaneous exposures and released by themovement of the train oi.

gears and said disk by the pinf striking the pin of the pawl and liltingthe same so as to bring in evidence the force of said spring barrel anda variable spring tension device adapted to bear upon said. barrel lorretarding its movement.

Signed by me this lth day ol January 1906.

Witnesses:

G120. T. PLNCKNEY, E. ZACHARIASEN.

